The Kraftwerk restoration: Each unit is hand-crafted to render the very best work to the patient. We don't use robotics here, nor do we outsource anything. We're old school and we're proud of our work. Porcelain fused to metal substrates are still the standard that all-ceramic systems must measure up to over time. I recall hearing the hype of all ceramic bridgework back in the 1960s. The hype then was for Vita profiles and continued in subsequent decades with Dicor, Cerestore and others - still the PFM crown ruled the roost then as now. They are better fitting and extremely strong. The embedded metal enhances the strength. Properly fabricated on well-contrived tooth preps, they are hard to distinguish from natural teeth. Ask any mason about concrete reinforcement. Concrete slabs must be reinforced with metal or they crack. I've done PFM replacements of all-ceramic work that fractured and failed. One case was a bridge that failed in less than two weeks. How much time was saved in this case? As a coup de gras, my PFM work was esthetically superior to the robotic ones that failed according to both dentist and patient.I already knew it would be - robots can't layer porcelain. External staining is a cheap way of attaining an acceptable result. Of course, this is just my opinion predicated on personal experience.. In my most considered opinion - the hype for chairside robotics to process teeth in the posterior region is promulgated with a ferver and desire not unlike drive-up fast food joints hawking burgers and fries everywhere you look. You can assuage your hunger and save time doing it - but if you want a proper meal,  be prepared to stop the car and sit down inside for genuine excellence in dining. Or go to a THRIFT STORE and buy a suit off the rack - then go to a tailor for a tailor-made suit. You'll have to come back for the latter after being measured, but compare it to the former and you'll see my point.   A pre-operative diagnostic cast is useful in order to fashion anterior teeth that resemble the original arrangement while correcting such abnormalities as color, occlusal anomalies or compromised dentition. The idea is to keep Mrs. Jones family, friends and associates wondering what she has done to be looking so well. Has she been working out? She's done something to be looking so good. This is preferable to hearing people remark:  "Ahh..so you got your teeth fixed!" The following steps are performed on each case that enters this facility: 1.) Pick-up & log in 2.) Sterilize all components 3.) Pour master & opposing 4.) Trim casts 5.) Pin-drill master cast 6.) Taper & index master cast base 7.) Install precision pins 8.) Lubricate & install pin sleeves 9.) Pour master cast base - pour 2nd (static) cast 10.) Section removable cast segments and precision dies 11.) Thouroughly clean sleeve bores & all cast segments 12.) Trim dies w/ magnification - verify with impression 13.) Remove all occlusal surface imperfections 14.) Articulate casts 15.) Harden die ditches 16.) Block out undercuts 17.) Apply (2) two coats of properly thinned die spacer 18.) Lubricate & dip dies for wax copings 19.) Hand wax copings into contoured ceramic substrates 20.) Sprue & invest wax substrates 21.) Burnout (3 stage) & cast substrates 22.) Deflask/devest substrates 23.) Remove sprues / weigh noble & high noble alloys 24.) Ultrasonic rinse dry & heat treat castings 25.) Finish castings with non-contaminating instruments 26.) Fit castings to static cast 27.) Sandblast the castings w/ 50 micron AlO3 @ 45-50 psi 28.) Ultrasonic rinse in distilled water on 2x2 gauze 29.) Oxidize & inspect units for uniform oxide formation 30.) Apply dry & fire 1st opaque 31.) Apply dry & fire 2nd opaque 32.) Apply dry & fire opacious dentine layer 33.) Dentine & enamel build - dry & fire 34.) Grind in proximal contacts & occlusion 35.) Re-blast & ultrasonic rinse 36.) Corrective bake if necessary 37.) Refine proximal contacts on static cast 38.) Re-blast & ultrasonic rinse 39.) Final glaze bake 40.) Clean internal surfaces with Paasche blast 41.) Polish metal 42.) Sterilize all components 43.) Invoice & bag for delivery I lay out seven or more porcelains on my slab that range from opacious dentine through clear transparant enamel with gradations of shaded materials to both diffuse and reflect light to mimic natural dentition. Cad/cam equipment can't layer ceramic materials to obtain vitality. Using a computer, the robots grind a block of ceramic material into the shape and size of a tooth. This allows for same day delivery of a crown, but the hands and eyes of a skilled dental ceramist are required to layer and sculpt ceramic powders to attain the beautiful esthetics required to replicate natural teeth. In my opinion, these "same-day" crowns are akin to buying a suit off the rack. It takes the skilled hands of a professional tailor to produce a tailor-made suit.